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| Illustration 1 | g06017781 |
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The Machine Control ECM and the Implement Control 2 ECM located under the flip up panel on the right side of the machine. (1) Machine Control ECM (2) J1 machine harness connector (3) J2 machine harness connector (4) Implement Control 2 ECM | |
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| Illustration 2 | g01309473 |
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ECM Connectors and Contacts | |
The Machine ECM determines actions that are based on input information and memory information. After the Machine ECM receives the input information, the ECM sends a corresponding response to the outputs. The inputs and outputs of the Machine ECM are connected to the machine harness by two 70 contact connectors (J1 and J2). The ECM sends the information to the AVSpare Electronic Technician (Cat ET) on the Cat Data Link.
Note: The ECM is not serviceable. The ECM must be replaced if the ECM is damaged. Replace the ECM if a failure is diagnosed.
Implement Control 2 ECM (Optional)
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| Illustration 3 | g03018337 |
The Implement Control 2 ECM determines actions that are based on input information and memory information. The Implement Control 2 ECM pertains to controlling the winch or ripper optional attachments. After the Implement Control 2 ECM receives the input information, the ECM sends a corresponding response to the outputs. The inputs and outputs of the Machine ECM are connected to the machine harness by one 70 contact connector. The ECM sends the information to the AVSpare Electronic Technician (Cat ET) on the Cat Data Link.
Note: The ECM is not serviceable. The ECM must be replaced if the ECM is damaged. Replace the ECM if a failure is diagnosed.
To aid in diagnostics of certain types of electrical circuits that are controlled by the ECM, an internal "pull up voltage" is connected to ECM switch and sensor signal input contacts. An above normal voltage is internally connected to the ECM signal input circuit through a resister.
During normal operation, the switch or sensor signal will hold the circuit low or at a certain signal amplitude, however, circuit conditions such as a loss of power to the component, a disconnection, or an open circuit will allow the circuit to be pulled high by the ECM pull up voltage. This condition will result in an above normal voltage condition at the ECM contact. As a result, the ECM will activate an FMI 03 (voltage above normal) diagnostic code for the affected circuit.
The types of ECM input circuits that have pull up voltage present are:
- Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) sensor input circuits
- Switch to Ground Input switch input circuits
- Active analog (voltage) input signal circuits
- Passive analog (resistance) input signal circuits
To aid in diagnostics of electrical circuits that are controlled by the ECM, an internal "pull down voltage" is connected to ECM switch to battery type input circuits.
During normal operation, the switch contacts that are allowing the connection to a voltage source will hold the circuit high. When circuit conditions such as a loss of power to the switch supply voltage, a disconnection in the switch circuit or an open circuit will allow the circuit to be pulled low by the ECM pull down voltage. This condition will result in a below normal voltage condition at the ECM contact. As a result, the ECM will activate an FMI 04 (voltage below normal) diagnostic code for the affected circuit.
| Machine ECM Contact Description J1 (MID 039) Contact Descriptions(1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| No.(2) | Type | Function |
| 10 | Cat Data Link + | Cat Data Link + |
| 13 | Battery - | - Battery |
| 20 | Cat Data Link - | Cat Data Link - |
| 21 | 5VDC Sensor Return | 5V Power Sensor Return |
| 23 | Battery - | - Battery |
| 31 | Battery + | +Battery |
| 35 | STG | Reversing Fan Switch (N/C) |
| 38 | Battery + | + Battery |
| 39 | Battery + | + Battery |
| 44 | 8VDC Sensor Power | +8 V Sensor Supply |
| 45 | *VDC Sensor Return | 8 V Sensor Return |
| 47 | Battery + | +Battery |
| 55 | PWM Driver Return | PWM Driver Return 9-12 |
| 56 | Battery - | 10V Sensor Return |
| 57 | Battery - | - Battery |
| 60 | PWM Driver | PWM Driver Return 5-8 |
| 61 | PWM Driver | Blade Tilt Right Solenoid |
| 62 | PWM Driver | Blade Tilt Left Solenoid |
| 63 | STG | Auto/Manual & Blade Shake (N/O) |
| 65 | PWM Driver | Blade Angle Left |
| 66 | PWM Driver | Blade Angle Right |
| 67 | PWM Driver | Blade Raise Solenoid |
| 68 | PWM Driver | Blade Lower Solenoid |
| 69 | PHS Power | +10V Supply |
| 70 | Battery - | - Battery |
| (1) | Contacts that are not listed are not used. |
| (2) | The connector contacts that are not listed are not used. |
| Machine ECM Contact Description J2(1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| No.(2) | Type | Function |
| 1 | Neutral Start In | Keyswitch (Crank) |
| 2 | 2A On/Off Standard | Implement Shutoff Solenoid |
| 4 | Load Return | On/Off Driver Return 1-4 |
| 5 | 2A On/Off Standard | Main Power Replay Driver |
| 6 | 2A On/Off Standard | Parking Brake Solenoid Driver |
| 22 | Ground | Charge Pressure Filter Bypass Switch Return |
| 27 | STG PWM | Implement Calibration Sensor |
| 29 | STG | Stable Blade Switch (N/O) |
| 30 | STG | Stable Blade Switch (N/C) |
| 32 | STG PWM | Blade Angle Thumb Roller Sensor |
| 33 | STG PWM | Blade Raise/Lower Sensor |
| 34 | STG PWM | Blade Tilt Sensor |
| 46 | STG | Implement Shutoff Sw (N/O) |
| 47 | STG | Implement Shutoff (N/C) |
| 52 | STG | Increment Sw (N/O) |
| 53 | STG | Decrement Sw (N/O) |
| 54 | STG | Auto/Man Blade Shake (N/C) |
| 56 | CAN A + | CAN A Data Link + |
| 61 | STG | Charge Filter Bypass Sw |
| 64 | CAN B + | CAN B Data Link + |
| 65 | CAN B = | CAN B Data Link - |
| 67 | CAN A + | CAN A Data Link + |
| 68 | CAN A - | CAN A Data Link - |
| 70 | GND | CAN A Data Link - |
| (1) | The ECM responds to an active input only when all the necessary conditions are satisfied. |
| (2) | The connector contacts that are not listed are not used. |
| Implement ECM Contact Description (Optional)(1) | ||
| No.(2) | Type | Function |
| 1 | Battery + | + Battery |
| 2 | Battery - | - Battery |
| 7 | STG/STB | Harness Code 1 (Ground) |
| 8 | STG/STB | Harness Code 2 (Ground) |
| 9 | STG/STB | Harness Code 3 (Open) |
| 14 | Battery + | + Battery |
| 15 | Battery - | - Battery |
| 19 | STG/STB | Harness Code 4 (Ground) |
| 24 | Battery + | + Battery |
| 25 | Battery - | - Battery |
| 29 | PWM/Frequency Sensor | Ripper/Winch Auxiliary Lever |
| 37 | Active/Passive Input | 4th Valve Switch Extend |
| 38 | Active/Passive Input | 4th Valve Switch Retract |
| 39 | Active/Passive Input | 4th Valve Switch Parity |
| 40 | Driver High Side | Ripper Raise Solenoid Driver |
| 41 | Driver Low Side | Ripper Raise Solenoid Return |
| 42 | Driver High Side | Ripper Lower Solenoid Driver |
| 43 | Driver Low Side | Ripper Lower Solenoid Return |
| 64 | Can A+ | CAN A Data Link + |
| 65 | Can A- | CAN A Data Link - |
| 68 | Sensor Power | Winch Pressure Sensor Supply |
| (1) | The ECM responds to an active input only when all the necessary conditions are satisfied. |
| (2) | The connector contacts that are not listed are not used. |
The machine has several different types of input devices. The ECM receives machine status information from the input devices and determines the correct output action that is needed to control machine operations based on memory and software parameters. The machine utilizes the following types of inputs: switch type and sensor type.
Switches provide signals to the switch inputs of the ECM. The possible outputs of a switch are listed: an open signal, a grounded signal and + battery signal.
Sensors provide an electrical signal to the ECM that constantly changes. The sensor input to the ECM can be one of several different types of electrical signals such as: pulse width modulated (PWM) signals, voltage signals, and frequency input signals. Each possible input to the ECM is listed in the tables for the 70-pin connectors.
Inputs provide information to the ECM in the form of sensors or switches.
Sensors provide information to the ECM about the intent of the operator or changing conditions. The sensor signal changes proportionally to the changing of operator input or changing conditions. The following types of sensor signals are used by the ECM.
Frequency - The sensor produces a signal and the frequency (Hz) varies as the condition changes.
Pulse width modulated - The sensor produces a signal. The duty cycle of the signal varies as the condition changes. The frequency of this signal is constant.
Analog - The ECM measures the voltage that is associated to a specific condition of the control.
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| Illustration 4 | g03124416 |
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Blade control handle | |
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| Illustration 5 | g03124976 |
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Base for the blade control handle | |
The ECM receives signals from the blade control handle as PWM signals. These signals are operator requests for blade movement such as RAISE, LOWER, TILT LEFT, and TILT RIGHT. Inmost cases, the ECM will respond to the duty cycle of the PWM signal by sending a specific level of electrical current output to the appropriate proportional solenoid valve. The ECM relates a specific sensor duty cycle value to a specific joystick position. The ECM determines the correct amount of current output to a solenoid or control based on a "software map" that is contained in the programmable memory of the ECM. The blade control handle sends a nominal 50% duty cycle on both axis, and ranges from 90% to 10% in the X-axis and 88% to 23% in the Y-axis.
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| Illustration 6 | g06017815 |
This sensor is a pulse width modulated sensor. When the roller is in the NEUTRAL position, the sensor is at 50 percent. The sensor is at 80 percent when the roller is at the full left position. The sensor is at 20 percent when the roller is at the full right position. Rolling the roller to the left angles the blade to the right. Rolling the roller to the right angles the blade to the left.
Ripper and Winch Handle (Optional)
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| Illustration 7 | g01643136 |
The sensor is designed to tell the ECM the position of the lever continuously. The lift lever for the ripper has three ranges: RAISE, HOLD, and LOWER. The operator selects the range and the sensor sends the signal to the ECM. The sensor is a pulse width modulated sensor (PWM) and the sensor is an input of the ECM. The sensor generates a PWM signal continuously. The duty cycle of the signal varies in proportion to the position of the lever. The ECM receives the PWM signal. Then, the ECM measures the duty cycle to determine the position of the lift lever. The frequency of this signal is approximately 500 Hz. The machine electrical system provides 10 V to the sensor for operating power. The sensor can be calibrated by using the AVSpare Electronic Technician service tool. For more information, see the topic Testing and Adjusting, "Calibration". The ECM diagnoses diagnostic codes that occur to the sensor signal circuit.
Switches provide an open signal, a ground signal, or a +battery signal to the inputs of the ECM. Switches are open or closed.
- When a switch is open, no signal is provided to the corresponding input of the ECM. This “no signal” condition is also called “floating”.
- When a switch is closed, a ground signal or a +battery signal is provided to the corresponding input of the ECM.
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| Illustration 8 | g03125056 |
The implement lockout switch is designed to control the implement lockout solenoid. The ECM will provide power to the solenoid. The switch is a two pole momentary switch. When the machine is started, the implement lockout switch is engaged. Use the switch to toggle between LOCKED and UNLOCKED. The ECM disengages the implement lockout solenoid when the switch is placed in the LOCKED position. The switch should be in the LOCKED position before any of the following conditions occur:
- The operator exits the machine.
- The machine is serviced.
- The machine is left unattended.
The switch affects the system in the following manner:
LOCKED - The implement lockout solenoid is de-energized. The implement system is no longer operable.
UNLOCKED - The implement lockout solenoid is energized. The implement system is enabled.
The switch is a two pole switch. The switch has a normally closed contact and a normally open contact. The ECM can always determine whether the switch is in the LOCKED position or the UNLOCKED position. The two input circuits are used for diagnostic purposes. The ECM will detect a failure in the circuit if the two circuits of the switch are ever in the same state. The ECM will also record a diagnostic code.
Blade Mode (Auto/Manual) with AccuGrade System
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| Illustration 9 | g06017823 |
If the AccuGrade System option is installed, the left yellow button (1) changes the AccuGrade System control. Push button (1) to change between auto control and manual control. If the AccuGrade System option is active, press button (2) to increment and press button (3) to decrement.
At any time, the operator can select the manual mode or the automatic mode by pressing the left yellow button on the blade control handle. In addition, the current mode is displayed for the operator on the display module.
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| Illustration 10 | g06017870 |
Press the blade shake button (1) to activate the feature. Pressing the blade shake button (1) overrides the handle tilt command. If the handle tilt command is active when the shake button (1) is pressed, the handle tilt command will go to zero and the blade shake command will be used. The system will resume the handle command after the blade shake button (1) is released. The blade does not need recentered before resuming command after the shake command is stopped. The blade shake feature remains active for the duration that the button is pressed or up to 10 seconds.
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| Illustration 11 | g03014417 |
The hydraulic fan switch controls the main cooling fan and reverses the direction of airflow. The switch is a two pole momentary switch. The switch toggles the direction of the hydraulic fan. The switch has a normally closed contact and a normally open contact. The two input circuits are used for diagnostic purposes. The ECM will detect a failure in the circuit if the two circuits of the switch are ever in the same state. The ECM will also record a diagnostic code. The Machine ECM monitors the position of this switch and communicates the switch status to the Engine ECM. The Engine ECM drives the solenoids for fan movement and direction.
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| Illustration 12 | g03125258 |
The switch is two directional. The switch has three pins that connect to the ECM. The fourth function is normally controlled by the lever. The use of this switch allows the lever to be used for a separate function. This switch could be used to operate the fire plow. Depressing and holding the switch in one direction actuates the raise solenoid for the fourth function. Holding the switch in the other direction actuates the lower solenoid for the fourth function. This switch allows control of the fourth function.
The ECM responds to decisions by sending electrical signals to the outputs. The outputs can create an action or the outputs can provide information to the operator or the service technician.
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| Illustration 13 | g06017939 |
The implement lockout solenoid valve is an On/Off type of solenoid valve. The implement lockout valve is designed to prevent the movement of the blade and an optional attachment. The flow of oil through the implement pilot manifold is blocked when the solenoid is de-energized.
The solenoid affects the system in the following manner:
LOCKED - The implement lockout solenoid is de-energized. The implement system is no longer operable.
UNLOCKED - The implement lockout solenoid is energized. The implement system is enabled.
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| Illustration 14 | g06017939 |
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Blade angle left solenoid Blade angle right solenoid Blade raise solenoid Blade lower solenoid Blade tilt left solenoid Blade tilt right solenoid | |
Each of these solenoid valves is designed to control the pilot pressure to the main control valve. The pilot main control valve then controls the rate of flow of the hydraulic oil to the implement circuit. The pilot solenoid valves are used for the following blade functions: blade raise, blade lower, blade tilt left and blade tilt right. the solenoids modulate the flow of the pilot oil that causes the movement of the blade. The blade float function is achieved when additional electrical current is applied to the blade lower solenoid. The blade lower solenoid then moves the valve spool to the float position. The ECM will adjust the solenoid valves according to the request that is made by the operator through the blade control handle. These solenoid valves are the proportional type of solenoid valve. The ECM uses a pulse width modulated signal (PWM) to vary the current to the solenoid. The solenoid receives electrical current from the ECM. The solenoid plunger then travels a distance that is in proportion to the electrical current that is sent from the ECM. The electrical current to the solenoid controls the position of the valve. The ECM can detect a failure in the solenoid circuit and the ECM records a diagnostic code when a failure is present.
Note: The solenoid coils are not designed to operate using 24 DCV directly. The ECM sends a PWM signal of 24 V at a duty cycle that will provide the necessary current to the solenoid coils. Do NOT activate the coils by using 24 DCV (+battery). The life of the coils will be reduced drastically. A source of 12 DCV should be used, if the coils must be activated by not using the ECM.
Electronic communication between the Machine Control ECM, the Implement Control 2 ECM, and the other control modules on the machine is conducted over data link circuits. The data link circuits allow the sharing of information with other electronic control modules. The data link circuits are bidirectional. The data link circuit allows the ECM to send information and to receive information.
The electronic communication system consists of two types of data link systems.
- Cat Data Link
- SAE J1939 (CAN) Data Link
The two types of data links are the main structure for communication between all the control modules on the machine.
The SAE J1939 Data Link circuit is mostly used for faster operational communication between the control modules on the machine. The Cat Data Link is used for some of the internal communication that does not require the faster speeds and is used for communication with external devices such as the AVSpare Electronic Technician (Cat ET) service tool.
The Cat Data Link is an input/output of the ECM. The data link uses the connector for the service port to communicate with the AVSpare Electronic Technician. A data link connection is provided for the product link.
Note: The control for the product link provides a global positioning system for the machine.
The data link is bidirectional. The bidirectional link allows the ECM to input information and output information. The data link consists of the following parts: internal ECM circuits, the related harness wiring, the service tool connector, and the connector for the product link. The Cat Data Link connects to the ECM at contact J1-10 (wire 893-GN(Green)) and contact J1-20 (wire 892-BR(Brown)).
- The ECM receives commands from the Cat ET to change the operating modes. The Cat ET will read the service codes that are stored in the memory of the ECM. The Cat ET will clear the service codes that are stored in the memory of the ECM.
- The ECM sends the input and the output information to the AVSpare ET.
Note: An electronic control module that uses the Cat Data Link will have a module identifier. The MID for the Machine Electronic Control Module is 039.
A data link is required for communication with the service tool (Cat ET) and the electronic control modules as well as instrument clusters and other devices that use this communications protocol. The data link is not used to broadcast any diagnostic information.